Eye Diseases Care

A cataract is a clouding, opacity, yellowing, or accumulation of fluid in the lens of the eye. A cataract results in a loss of vision and it can also interfere with your lifestyle. Generally, cataracts are related to ageing which happens by the time you reach the age of 70. When we talk about age-related cataracts then it may occur in one eye first but with time it will usually be present in both eyes. When a cataract develops, a thick layer of protein forms over the area of the eye that helps focus things seen. This area is known as the lens. The lens is a clear part of the eye that helps to focus light on the tissue lining the back of the eye called the retina. Cataracts do not require surgery until they interfere with lifestyle.

Early signs of cataract

• Images seen by people with cataracts may look fuzzy
• Lights viewed through the eyes of people with cataracts can be too intense.
• People who are suffering from cataracts may look at one person or object and see two instead of one.
•  Vision changes are a common symptom of cataracts felt by everyone.
• People with cataracts may find that reading is better at a close distance than they did before they had cataracts.
• The eyes of people develop a visible white film over time.

Myopia or nearsightedness is a condition wherein the person cannot see distant objects clearly. Nearsighted people can see up-close objects clearly. They have problems reading far-away signs and other objects at a distance. Myopia may include headache, eyestrain and fatigue during some tasks that require distance vision like driving and playing sports. People with myopia often squint and strain their eyes, which usually cause headaches. Myopia can be corrected in several ways. The most common ways are Glasses and contact lenses. There are some myopic persons who may need to wear glasses and contact lenses all the time. People who are suffering from myopia have a negative prescription number.

Hyperopia is generally known as long-sightedness or farsightedness. It is brought about by an issue in the capacity of your eyes to focus. For the vast majority experiencing long-sightedness, they will experience issues zeroing in on items that are near them, with the article seeming obscured. In any case, they won’t have issues zeroing in on items that are in the distance. Irritable and sore eyes can be an aftereffect of the consistent battle to see close by objects and to peruse and compose. Your flicker rate might be influenced in the event that you are continually gazing at objects attempting to get them into focus, giving your eyes a dry and scratchy feeling. Headaches and eye fatigue are regular among individuals with hyperopia and are brought about by the consistent battle to zero in on close-by objects and perform basic undertakings. Squinting is another adapting strategy for hyperopia and can prompt migraines and strain from the unnatural effort.

Glaucoma is a gathering of eye infections wherein harm to the nerve situated in the rear of the eye (optic nerve) brings about loss of vision. From the start, the side (fringe) vision is lost. If glaucoma isn’t dealt with, vision misfortune may keep, prompting all-out visual impairment over the long run.

There are three basic types of glaucoma:

Open-angle glaucoma (OAG): In open-angle glaucoma, the optic nerve is slowly damaged. It usually causes gradual loss of vision. It can affect both eyes at the same time, although one may be affected more than the other.

Closed-angle glaucoma (CAG): In closed-angle glaucoma, the iris and the lens block the movement of fluid between the chambers of the eye. It causes pressure to build up and the iris to press on the drainage system of the eye. It may cause sudden blurred vision with pain and redness.

Congenital glaucoma: This is a rare form of glaucoma that is present in some infants at birth. It develops during the first few years of life and is called infantile glaucoma. Children between the age of 3 years and young adulthood can develop a similar type of glaucoma that is known as juvenile glaucoma.

Macular degeneration is a disease that affects the retina. It is a layer at the back of the eyeball containing light-sensitive cells. It helps us to see the world around us. Age-related macular degeneration affects a person’s central vision. Images may start appearing blurred. Dark spots may appear, which get progressively bigger.

There are two types of macular degeneration:

Dry macular degeneration: It develops gradually and there is no treatment. There are things that people who are suffering from dry macular disease learn to cope with it. It accounts for 85 to 90 per cent of cases.

Wet macular degeneration: This is also known as neovascular AMD. It happens when new blood vessels develop under the macula. These can cause blood and fluid to leak. Wet AMD can cause severe vision loss. It can develop more quickly and immediate treatment is needed.

Symptoms of macular degeneration may include:

• A worse or less clear vision. 
• Dark, blurry areas in the centre of your vision
• Rarely, worse or different colour perception

Colour blindness happens when you can’t see colours in a typical manner. It is otherwise called a colour deficiency. Colour blindness frequently happens when somebody can’t recognize certain tones. This generally occurs among greens and reds, and incidentally blues. Partial blindness can happen when at least one of the shading cone cells are missing, not working, or recognize an unexpected tone in comparison to ordinary. Serious partial blindness happens when every one of the three cone cells is missing. Gentle Color blindness happens when each of the three cone cells is available however one cone cell doesn’t work right. It distinguishes an unexpected tone in comparison to typical. Colour blindness is normally something that you have from birth yet you can likewise get it further down the road. A change in colour vision can imply a more genuine condition. Any individual who encounters a critical change in colour discernment should see an ophthalmologist.

Retinitis pigmentosa is the name given to a gathering of acquired eye infections that influence the retina. RP causes the breakdown of the photoreceptor. Photoreceptor cells catch and cycle light assisting us with seeing. As these cells separate and pass on, patients experience reformist vision misfortune. 

The most widely recognized element of all types of RP is a progressive breakdown of poles and cones. Most types of RP first cause the breakdown of bar cells. These types of RP, here and there called bar cone dystrophy, typically start with night visual deficiency. Night visual deficiency is to some degree like the experience typically located people experience when entering a dull cinema on a brilliant, bright day. In any case, patients with RP can’t change well to dull and faintly lit conditions.

Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes intricacy that influences the eyes. It’s brought about by harm to the veins of the light-delicate tissue at the rear of the eye.

Initially, it may cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. Eventually, it can cause blindness. It can develop in anyone who has type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The longer you have diabetes and the less controlled your blood sugar is, the more likely you are to develop this eye complication. If you are suffering from retinopathy then there are symptoms in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. As the condition progresses, diabetic retinopathy symptoms may include:

Symptoms

• Spots or dark strings floating in your vision (floaters)
• Blurred vision
• Fluctuating vision
• Impaired colour vision
• Dark or empty areas in your vision
• Vision loss